Grounding (or earthing) is the art of making an electrical connection to the earth. The process is a combination of science and “art” as opposed to pure science. This process is required because it is necessary to go through a process of “testing the options,” as opposed to calculations made via some formal process. The options for each site must be determined through visualization and evaluation, individually, using a related analytical process. The earth must be treated as a semiconductor, while the grounding electrode itself is a pure conductor. These factors make the design of an earthing system complex, not derived from a simple calculation or the random driving of a few rods into the soil. Knowledge of the local soil conditions is mandatory and is the first step in the design process. This includes its moisture content, temperature, and resistivity under a given set of conditions.