AN IMPROVED TRANSFORMER INRUSH RESTRAINT ALGORITHM INCREASES SECURITY WHILE MAINTAINING FAULT RESPONSE PERFORMANCE

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AN IMPROVED TRANSFORMER INRUSH RESTRAINT ALGORITHM INCREASES SECURITY WHILE MAINTAINING
FAULT RESPONSE PERFORMANCE

Abstract

This paper presents a new inrush restraint algorithm for the protection of power transformers. The algorithm is an extension of the traditional second harmonic restraint — instead of measuring the ratio between the magnitudes of the second harmonic and the fundamental frequency component, the algorithm considers a ratio between the phasors of the second and the fundamental frequency components of the differential signal, i.e. both the amplitude and phase relations. By making use of the additional dimension that was neglected until now, the new algorithm is capable of making more robust classification of differential currents caused by the magnetizing inrush phenomenon and those caused by true internal faults. The algorithm is presented in detail. Its analytical justification is supported by the results of numerical analysis, including digital simulation and waveforms recorded from physical transformers.